A Special Note on Consonant Passing Tones and Neighbor Notes

Q: How can a passing tone or a neighbor note be consonant? Aren't these types of dissonance?

A: Passing tones and neighbor notes are always dissonant relative to more stable and essential structures. For instance, consider the following phrase:

Note that every note in the bass and soprano lines is, in fact, consonant in the literal sense -- each one is a member of the governing triad at the specific moment we hear it. We could understand mm. 3-4 of the phrase as having been created by the following process:

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